Bio-accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in different edible fish species from Hurghada City,Red Sea,Egypt

BackgroundHeavy metal contamination has become a serious issue in this century especially detected in fish organs. Due to the presence of radioactive compounds in agricultural and sewage effluent, which destroys aquatic ecosystems, threatening human livelihoods. Health hazards associated with low and high consumption consumers assessed in five commercial fish species collected from Hurghada City, Egypt, during winter and summer, 2020. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique used for determination heavy meals in different organs and expressed as μg/g wet weight.ResultsHeavy metal concentrations in muscle ranged between:(0.054–0.109), (0.260–1.043), (0.264–0.897), (5.895–11.898), (0.381–0.970), (13.582–29.133) and (0.332–0.589) µg/g for Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and Ni respectively, which were lower than those of gills and liver. These concentrations were within WHO, FAO/WHO, and EU standards. Consumption of edible species was lower than the (TDIs) established by the (JECFA) and Egyptian Standards. Even though THQ and TTHQ values were < 1 while, in children with highly consumer were> 1.ConclusionThis study concluded that intake of Red Sea fish is safe for human health. It is critical for consumers to be aware of the consequences of excessive fish consumption, particularly children with highly consumer, which represent possible health risks.     

中国职业卫生与职业病研究的进展

近年来中国职业卫生与职业病研究取得了长足的发展,以职业暴露人群为研究中心,针对职业病的病因、发病机制、人群易感性生物标志物以及风险评估等方面开展了大量的研究,填补了中国甚至世界范围内诸多职业卫生与职业病方面的空缺,具有重要的公共卫生意义。目前中国处于高速发展阶段,大批新兴的、创新的技术正应用于各个领域,推动着中国的产业结构、生产方式和生产技术发生巨大变革,新兴领域的高速发展对职业卫生提出了新的挑战,表现为传统的职业性有害因素带来的职业卫生问题逐渐减少,新的问题不断出现。职业卫生和职业医学也迫切需要将医学科学的新理念、新技术应用于本学科,建立新型健康风险评价体系,进而满足职业人群健康监护和职业病诊断治疗的需求。     

海洋生物活素的研制及杀灭微生物效果与性能的检测

目的：选择天然抗菌活性物质研制成慈华牌海洋生物活索消毒剂，对其杀灭微生物效果与性能（稳定性、腐蚀性、影响因素、毒性）进行了检测，为评价、验证、应用该产品的实用剂量与杀葡能力及特性提供依据。方法：载体浸泡法测定其杀微生物效果和稳定性、腐蚀性、影响因素；小鼠毒理实验测定其毒性。结果：慈华牌海洋生物活素是以海洋生物复合酶、海藻酸聚多糖、海洋甲壳胺活素为主要原料混合而成的。300mg／L稀释液对布片上大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌作用2min，对布片上白色念珠菌作用5min，杀灭率均达99．99％。置54℃下放置14d，37℃相对湿度80％，放置90d有效成分下降率为6．12％，杀菌效果无明显影响。对不锈钢，铜无腐蚀，对碳钢、铝基本无腐蚀性。有机物50％小牛血清对该剂杀菌效果无明显影响。对小鼠经口LD50〉5000mg／kg属实际无毒级；蓄积毒性试验为弱蓄积毒性；蓄积系数K〉5；眼刺激试验积分为3．0分，属无刺激性；急性皮肤刺激试验积分为0分，属无刺激性；小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验为阴性，无致突变性；精子畸形试验结果为阴性。结论：慈华牌海洋生物活素消毒液杀菌效果、稳定性和毒性符合消毒剂基本要求。     

某外企流动人口风疹疫情爆发的调查

目的描述与分析某外企流动人口的风疹疫情,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学的研究方法。结果该次疫情确定为风疹的爆发,共发病15例,罹患率为3.19%;血清学检测结果,15例患者中有12例风疹抗体IgM阳性,阳性率为80.0%,经过采取环境消毒与应急预防接种等措施有效地控制了疫情。结论流动人口是传染病爆发的高危人群,应该加强对流动人口的公共卫生学监测,采取综合措施以减少风疹疫情的发生。     

2010～2012年青岛市部分高校学生艾滋病相关知识、行为调查

目的了解青岛市部分高校大学生对艾滋病(AIDS)认知、态度和行为情况,为今后在高校中针对性地开展预防AIDS健康教育工作提供依据。方法采取整体随机抽样法,2010～2012年,每年在对青岛市3所高校4个校区进行AIDS防治知识巡回宣传活动中,从每个校区抽取500名共2 000名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果 2010～2012年大学生AIDS基本知识的知晓率分别为86.94%、89.49%、92.56%(P<0.01);知识来源途径主要为网络、宣传资料分别占76.35%、69.52%;相关生活技能知识知晓率分别为81.11%、84.48%、88.18%(P<0.01)。结论青岛市部分高校大部分大学生对AIDS基本知识掌握较好,但对自身如何预防AIDS认识不够全面。     

基于UHPLC-QE-MS分析结合网络药理学探讨小叶黄杨生物碱治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用机制

目的 鉴定小叶黄杨中生物碱类化学成分，探讨治疗阿尔茨海默病的物质基础和作用机制。方法 表征小叶黄杨生物碱成分，并利用PubChem、SwissADME、Swiss Target Prediction、Genecards和OMIM等数据库获取小叶黄杨生物碱的活性成分和对应靶点，以及阿尔茨海默病的相关靶点；运用Cytoscape3.9.0软件绘制“成分-靶点”网络图；运用String平台构建蛋白互作网络图；运用微生信在线绘图工具进行通路富集分析可视化；用AutodockTools-1.5.6软件对筛选出的核心成分做分子对接。结果 鉴定小叶黄杨生物碱成分23个，筛选有效成分19个，对应靶点216个；筛选阿尔茨海默病靶点880个，药物-疾病交集靶点49个；GO富集分析主要相关的生物过程有化学性突触传递，顺行跨突触信号，跨突触信号等；KEGG通路富集分析中神经活性配体-受体相互作用，5-羟色胺能突触，cAMP信号等为主要信号通路。分子对接显示筛选的核心靶点和核心成分均有较强结合力。结论 本研究初步证明了小叶黄杨生物碱成分可以多成分、多靶点、多通路共同作用治疗阿尔茨海默病，为进一步深入研究小叶黄杨生物碱对阿尔茨海默病作用的物质基础以及作用机制提供参考。     

Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust and serum cytokine levels

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified diesel engine exhaust (DEE) as a human lung carcinogen. Given that inflammation is suspected to be an important underlying mechanism of lung carcinogenesis, we evaluated the relationship between DEE exposure and the inflammatory response using data from a cross‐sectional molecular epidemiology study of 41 diesel engine testing workers and 46 unexposed controls. Repeated personal exposure measurements of PM_2.5 and other DEE constituents were taken for the diesel engine testing workers before blood collection. Serum levels of six inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 were analyzed in all subjects. Compared to unexposed controls, concentrations of MIP‐1β were significantly reduced by ～37% in DEE exposed workers (P < 0.001) and showed a strong decreasing trend with increasing PM_2.5 concentrations in all subjects (P_trend < 0.001) as well as in exposed subjects only (P_trend = 0.001). Levels of IL‐8 and MIP‐1β were significantly lower in workers in the highest exposure tertile of PM_2.5 (>397 µg/m³) compared to unexposed controls. Further, significant inverse exposure‐response relationships for IL‐8 and MCP‐1 were also found in relation to increasing PM_2.5 levels among the DEE exposed workers. Given that IL‐8, MIP‐1β, and MCP‐1 are chemokines that play important roles in recruitment of immunocompetent cells for immune defense and tumor cell clearance, the observed lower levels of these markers with increasing PM_2.5 exposure may provide insight into the mechanism by which DEE promotes lung cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:144–150, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prevalence of SFTSV among Asian House Shrews and Rodents,China, January–August 2013

To evaluate the role of small mammals as hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), we tested serum samples from rodents and shrews in China, collected in 2013. SFTSV antibodies and RNA were detected, suggesting that rodents and shrews might be hosts for SFTSV.